Slices of PIE: 2019

2019-12-31

2019-11-26

2019-10-31

2019-09-30

2019-09-26

Construction - Proto-Indo-European, descendants

Construction elements in Proto-Indo-European > .

Construction, Architectural terms - PIE >> .

PIE, descendants - PIE >> .

Comments on video:

""Here you have some clues to better understand a few words:

-aitis ‘part’ (cf. Oscan aeteis, aíttíúm: gen. sg. /pl.; Gr. aisa <*aitia ‘share, portion’).

-*dem ‘to build’ (Nikolaev 2006) gives dō̆ms ‘house’ (domos/domus is also possible); demr̥ ‘the building (with a singulative –r/-n suffix, as per Pronk 2014, p. 340), demmn̥ ‘the activity of building’, gen. dm̥menos.

wrēmn̥ ‘object’, also originally ‘word’, root *u̯er ‘to speak’, cf. Toch. A wram Toch. B wreme <*u̯rēmn̥ ‘object’, Gr. rēma ‘word, saying’; For the confusion of the two meanings, cf. Toch. A rake, Toch.B reki ‘word, command’, Slav. rečь <*rēk(o)i- ‘word, thing’ (depending on the dialect), cf. also Gr. lógos. -woiksmos/ woikslā ‘village’, cf. Lat. villa, Av. vaēsma-.

ghordhos/ wrijḗn entails the idea that we are dealing with an enclosed settlement. (Roots *gher-dho and *wer). Cf. Gordion, Stuttgart, Graz, Slav. Grad/ Gorod etc., and Toch. A ra, Toch B riye, pl. riñ).

-bhr̥ghos ‘elevated city’, cf. Germ. Burg, Celtic briga.

-bhūtā́ (Celt., Germ., Slav.), root *bhHeu ‘to be’; trobhā́ (Celt., Ital. Slav.), root *trebh; eukos (Slav. IIr. ), root *Heuk, is simply a dwelling / Wohnung / logement / vivienda.

-krowos is a shelter (cf. Germ., Celt. and Slav. pendants).

-tegtom/ stegos is a roof (Lat. tectus, etc.).

-lūmn̥ ‘threshold’ is based on the correspondence between Lat. līmen and Hitt. kattaluzzi-, litt. meaning ‘breaking’, cf. esp. ‘nota de corte’.

aidhis ‘homehearth, foyer’, cf. *h2eidh ‘to burn’, Lat. aedēs, aedificium.

-kēlā (skr. śālā, etc.)/ wosjom (root *Hu̯es ‘to live, remain’) is the general term for ‘room, camera’.

-kāpos ‘plot of land’ (cf. Gr. kēpos ‘garden’).

-ghortos ‘garden’, from the root *gher-to-, cf. Lat. hortus, etc.

-skandslā (root skVnd-) ‘stair(s)’ is a transponatum of Lat. scāla/scālae. -stoighos ‘street’ (cf. Go. staiga).

bhrēwā ‘bridge’ is a transponatum of the Celtic brīva, related to the word *h3bhruH ‘eyebrow’. The Greco-Armenian géphūra/kamurǰ (and Hattic hammuruwa-? ‘beam’) isogloss *gu̯m̥bhr has no clear Indo-European etymology.

-kleitrom (root *klei ‘recline, support’) ‘foundation, support’ (cf. Lat. clītella ‘pack-saddle’, Engl. hlæd(d)er, ladder, OIr. clithar ‘shelter, protection’, etc.).

-klowetlom has been reconstructed on the basis of Lat. cloāca and Venetic klovetlom, so it is a very local isogloss.""

""Protoindoeuropean- Spanish 🇲🇽🇪🇦- English 🇬🇧
Tegtom- Techo-Roof [Latin - tectum]
Walnom- Valla -Fence
Ghortos Huerto Orchard [Latin - horta = garden]
Sacandsla -Escalera -Stairs
sentus -Sendero -Path
plotna- Plaza -Square
Arqos Arco Arc
Kanr- Canal -Canal
Molā -Molino -Mill
Klowetlom Cloaca Sewer
Aksijā Hacha Axe
Tegla Teja Tile
klāwos- clavo- nail""

2019-08-16

MnW - Modern Welsh

Learn Welsh in the garden / Dysgu Cymraeg yn yr ardd - adam > .

Learn Welsh / Dysgu Cymraeg - adam >> .

2019-08-13

Proto-Celtic

The Ancient Celtic Languages - alpha > .

Sound of the Proto-Celtic language (Numbers, Words & Story) - ill > .

Proto-Celtic
PC, Common Celtic
Reconstruction of Celtic languages
Region: Central Europe
Era: ca. 1000 BCE
Reconstructed ancestor: Proto-Indo-European

The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the partially reconstructed proto-language of all the known Celtic languages. Its lexis, or vocabulary, can be confidently reconstructed on the basis of the comparative method of historical linguistics, in the same manner as Proto-Indo-European, the proto-language which has been most thoroughly reconstructed. Proto-Celtic is a descendant of the Proto-Indo-European language and is itself the ancestor of the Celtic languages which are members of the modern Indo-European language family, the most commonly spoken language family. Modern Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are unseen in other branches and according to one theory they may have formed an ancient Italo-Celtic branch. The duration of the cultures speaking Proto-Celtic was relatively brief compared to PIE's 2,000 years. The earliest archaeological culture that may justifiably be considered as Proto-Celtic is the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe c.1300 BCE. By the Iron Age Hallstatt culture of around 800 BC these people had become fully Celtic.

The reconstruction of Proto-Celtic is currently being undertaken, by necessity relying on later iterations of Celtic languages. Although Continental Celtic presents much substantiation for Proto-Celtic phonology, and some for its morphology, recorded material is too scanty to allow a secure reconstruction of syntax, although some complete sentences are recorded in the Continental Gaulish and Celtiberian. Therefore, the primary sources for reconstruction come from the Insular Celtic languages with the oldest literature found in Old Irish and Middle Welsh, dating back to authors flourishing in the 6th century CE.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Europe .